German Shepherd Dog
Complete Breed Guide
"You can count on me to be your guard, guide, or friend!"
Quick Facts About German Shepherd Dogs
Herding
50–90 lbs
22–26"
No
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Overview
Few breeds have earned their reputation like the German Shepherd. Celebrated as police dogs, military heroes, and devoted family companions, they bring the same intensity to protecting their family as they do to loving them. Loyal, intelligent, and quietly watchful, a German Shepherd always has your back.
German Shepherd Dogs got their moment in the spotlight during World War I with movie star, Rin Tin Tin, and ever since, they’ve been one of the most popular canine companions. This loyal, tireless breed loves having work to do, which is why they've been chosen for many high-profile jobs, such as a police dog, guide dog, and search-and-rescue dog. German Shepherds are known for their perfect mix of protectiveness and love. They’re family friendly but won’t hesitate to leap into action if they sense danger. At the end of the day, the German Shepherd just wants to be your best friend and loving protector.
Temperament and Behavior
The German Shepherd is a very smart dog, in addition to being unconditionally loyal, obedient, brave, and protective. They’re known for their fearlessness and make great watchdogs, but they rarely show hostility or aggression unless provoked. Once German Shepherds bond with their families, they’ll be devoted to protecting them and keeping them happy.
Coat & Grooming
There are three varieties of German Shepherds: coarse and short-haired, coarse and long-haired, and wavy and long-haired. The most common dogs are tan with a black back and mask, but German Shepherds come in a variety of colors, including solid black, grey, brown, and yellow, tricolor, or sable. They also have several kinds of markings, such as “pencilling” (black lines on the toes) and “tar heels” (black on the back of the leg). No matter what kind of coat the German Shepherd has, they will shed regularly and need weekly brushing.
Lifestyle & Living Conditions
German Shepherd Dogs are ultra territorial, making them among the least likely of breeds to run away from a fight. They’re not friendly towards strangers and won’t hesitate to let unwanted visitors know they’re not welcome. German Shepherds get along fine with children and other animals, as long as they’ve been socialized, and they prefer to live in a home with family around. However, they don’t enjoy being with other dogs and would prefer to have the house to themselves.
Exercise & Activity
German Shepherd Dogs are happiest when they’re doing some type of work, such as agility, obedience, or any activity that taps into their herding instincts. This breed enjoys helping and having a job to do, so they're often used as guide dogs and police dogs. No matter what the activity is, be sure to keep your German Shepherd busy with mental and physical activities to prevent boredom.
Health Considerations
Hip and elbow dysplasia, bloat, eye conditions, and hypothyroidism are common concerns in large breeds. Gstrointestinal diseases such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Regular veterinary checkups recommended.
Medical References
- AKC – German Shepherd Dog
- German Shepherd Dog Club of America
- OFA
- Merck Veterinary Manual – Hypothyroidism
Breed descriptions and health information are provided for educational purposes only and should not replace consultation with a licensed veterinarian. Individual dogs may vary in temperament and health.
Characteristics at-a-glance
Ratings are on a scale of 1–10, based on breed standards and typical temperament.
German Shepherd Dog FAQs
Common questions about the German Shepherd Dog breed, answered by our editorial team.
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